Ecology & Natural History At Fontbonne Academy

KatieG, Assignment 05, Draft

The Hawaiian Islands and the changes they have undergone in the past 1,500 years clearly demonstrate just how great an impact humans can have on the natural world. Once teeming with unique flora and fauna, many native species have been wiped out; victims of habit destruction and invasive species that now constitute much of the wildlife. Pre-human Hawaii was home to at least 125 and as many as 145 species of birds found nowhere else. Today only thirty four of the original species exist and twenty four of them are endangered. Humans and the HIPPO factors they have created are responsible for this and many other ecological tragedies that have befallen the islands.

   Habit destruction has played a large role in endangering Hawaii’s native species. Barely one-quarter of the Hawaiian Islands remain untouched. The clearing of land for pineapple and sugarcane fields has displaced many species. However, perhaps the most destructive HIPPO factor for Hawaii has been the arrival of invasive species. Because of its geographic location, Hawaii’s native species developed in isolation. They developed no defenses to the invasive species that would be thrust upon them. An example of just how destructive an invasive species can be would be the introduction of the domestic pig. Arguably one of the first invasive species, the Polynesian settlers of Hawaii brought them over when they arrived. While not initially harmful, the wild descendents of these pigs have wreaked havoc on the islands. They are a prime example of how one species can affect an entire ecosystem. As these pigs forage in the woodlands they uproot plants and topple tree ferns. The destruction of the small trees allows for too much sunlight and alters the soil ecosystem.  Also, the seeds carried in the pigs droppings often results in an over growth of plant life that crowds native species. Other invasive species such as ants, rats, mongooses, feral house cats and ants have also upset the ecosystem of Hawaii.  Of the total of 22,070 species currently living in Hawaii, 4,373 are alien.

The arrival of invasive species, however, has not been the only factor that has changed the islands. The other HIPPO factors have also caused negative changes in the environment of Hawaii. Pollution, population and overharvesting have all contributed to its destruction. Before many of the invasive species even arrived, overharvesting had already caused the extinction of Hawaii’s flightless birds. Because these birds were more or less defenseless, the early Polynsesian were able to hunt them easily and cause their extinction.

For those who argue that humans have had no or minimal impact on the planet, the changes that have occurred in Hawaii, serve as evidence to the contrary. Wilson contrasts the Eden Hawaii once was, no ants, mosquitoes, stinging wasps, venomous snakes or spiders, to the place it is today; beautiful but not extraordinary. And we, the destroyers of this unique beauty, responsible for the steep drop in biodiversity, are the ones who will suffer for it. Once a species is extinct, as has happened to many of Hawaii’s native species, such as the flightless ibis and moa nalo, it can never be brought back. Because of human action, not always intentional but often destructive, Hawaii has lost much of what made it so unique.

CaraM assignment 05 first draft

    In chapter three of Edward O. Wilson’s The Future of Life, Wilson talks about the history and destruction of the lush islands of Hawaii. Hawaii is theorized that either Polynesian or Central Americans are the decedents of the Hawaiian natives. These settlers brought with them species, such as the pig or goat, so that they have for food in case wherever they end up they will be able to eat. When they arrived at Hawaii, the flightless bird ibis was over hunted because of their disadvantage. Over a thousand years later, Hawaii was rediscovered by English explorers and was colonized by the English creating more pollution and population for the island.

    Since the colonization of humans, Hawaii has been greatly affected by what ecologists call the HIPPO factors. The HIPPO factors stand for habitat destruction, invasive species, population, pollution and over-harvesting. When humans came to Hawaii, they need a place to live so they would destroy areas to colonize. They brought their homeland animals to breed and their livestock would end up messing up the food web in Hawaii. Population goes up with all the new species cause more habitat destruction so they can fit everyone. As the people develop so does pollution caused by developing industries. When humans first inhabited the island, they did not know that they would be putting the island and all of its creatures at risk.

    Although Hawaii looks beautiful and lush, about 35% is not native, which means this island is not in its natural state. The HIPPO factors destroyed the natural island as it has been doing for many other ecosystems. the world is changing because of our neglectfulness to the natuaral beauty of our ecosytems. If one thinks Hawaii looks lush and beautiful now, imagine how rich it was before humans.  

Assignment 05 First Draft LovingI.

  Wilson has stated over again that overpopulation and environmentally ignorant development have been leading factors in the shrinking of natural habitats and biological diversity. Hawaii, one of America’s most beautiful states is a prime example of the struggle against over population and environmentally ignorant developments. In Chapter Five of the novel The Future of Life, Wilson discusses factors that have caused the downfall of a once naturally beautiful island.

  Hawaii was first inhabited by the Polynesian voyagers around A.D. 400 seeking a fortress as close to “Eden” as possible, and Hawaii fit the description with its luscious forests and fertile valleys exempt from mosquitoes, ants, wasps, and even venomous snakes. But human invasion has now led to an abundance of these unwanted creatures now overpopulating Hawaii’s land.

  Before the arrival of humans, Hawaii was biologically diverse and unique. It teemed with hundreds of species of rare birds and native eagles but now almost all original species are endangered, while others fortunately still remain. Despite the decrease in species dwelling in Hawaii, the biodiversity within this island is still rich. But the richness is synthetic with trees and plants originating from other locations. The plant life in Hawaii still remains beautiful as well, but very few of the species that are in the lowland vegetation are among those through which Polynesian colonists first cut their way.

  It is sad that Ancient Hawaii today is just a faint memory that has left our earth only poorer from its disappearance. This began with the early Polynesians who found the flightless birds so easy a prey, they hunted them to extinction. Colonists eliminated other plant and animal species when they cleared forest and grasslands for agriculture and fields and terrain have been taken over in order to accommodate exporting of major crops. Habitat destruction was the chief destroyer of the Hawaiian fauna and flora, but today the greatest threat is nonnative organisms.

  Many factors led up to the destruction of a once naturally beautiful island. The invasion of its lands by foreign species as well as humans caused it to lose it natural beauty. This is happening all over the world today with the overpopulation of areas not only by humans, but animals as well. Wilson enlightens us through his example of Hawaii and helps us to see that humans need to in fact do more to preserve Earth’s beauty.

 (Hawaii tropical forest moist:Image from http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2416/1497668450_9de688546e.jpg)

feliciaf, assignment 05, draft

Hawaii’s luscious and beautiful island was not always what we think of it as today. It took a lot of change and moving of people, animals and plants to get it to this point. Hawaii was first discovered in 400AD by Polynesian settlers and then rediscovered in 1778 by James Hook. It was not until the second discovery that the island of Hawaii truly became populated. These settlers brought a lot of new things to the island, intentional and unintentional. These invasive species include plants, animals, diseases and parasites.

 

E. O Wilson states in The Future of Life that most all of the species that inhabit Hawaii are not native to the island. This is partially because of fierce currents; many bugs and birds were removed and landed in Hawaii, also gained a habitat there. This is not the only way new species came to be on the island. Most came to be by settlers bring animals and such, when they did not know that it was an invasive species. How could they have not known they were bringing an invasive species to the island? This is because of parasites that their animals were hold and also new diseases that obviously an island with no humans, has never seen before.

 

The Polynesian settlers in 400 AD were the first human life form to inhabit the island. Before this Hawaii was bare, no invasive species; no bugs or mosquitoes. However there were many plants that over grew and were taking over the island as well as flying and walking birds. Hawaii became a completely changed place as soon as these humans arrived. A major effect of the Polynesian people coming to Hawaii, was on all the walking birds; they were easy prey. An example is the flightless ibis , the people hunted these animals to the point of extinction. At this moment Hawaii has one quarter of the island untouched this is partially because, most all of the lush lands were fertile crops could grow easily was cleared away. Now a majority of the soil lacks nutrients.

 

As we see from all these changes that a majority of the HIPPO factors had a substantial effect on the island of Hawaii over time. First off the habitats have been completely changes by clearing three fourths of the lush forests. Invasive species is probably the most major thing that happened to Hawaii. Most all of the island livestock, diseases and parasites are all invasive species, brought there by settlers. Pollution is one of the bigger effects but it does affect the water, soil and marina coast. This is heading in the direction that sooner or later animals and crops will not be able to survive in these heavily polluted soils and waters. Hawaii has not yet gotten to the point where populations is a huge issue, but sooner or later the island will get to the point. The at HIPPO factor of over harvesting is not so much a problem now as it was when the Polynesians settlers arrived, the hunted the flightless birds down to extinction.

 

    The island of Hawaii has changes drastically between 400 AD and now. Most people never realized how things came to be on such a remote island. But now many  people do not realize that Hawaii is slowly becoming over populated and that soon many of its original plants will be extinct . Because of all the HIPPO factors the island of Hawaii will soon not be able to with stand the human, plant and animal growth in population.

ClaireC, Assignment 05, rough draft

    The Hawaiian Islands are one of the world’s most beautiful places. Each year thousands of people go there on vacation and leisure for their beautiful weather and variety of beaches. To most people, these islands seem perfectly natural and unspoiled. However, this is not the case. The Hawaiian Islands have been tampered, and are not the same as they once were thousands of years ago.

            Around the year 400 A.D. Polynesian voyagers landed upon Hawaii. At this time, Hawaii’s forests and lands contained no mosquitoes, ants, stinging wasps, venomous snakes, or spiders. In addition, few plants had thorns and/or were poisonous. However, due to human introduction either deliberately or accidentally, these species are all now abundant in Hawaii.

            Before humans were introduced to Hawaii, it was abundant with life. There were even as much as 145 species of birds that could not be found anywhere else in the world. There were thick forests where owls and eagles made their homes. There was also goose sized flightless birds and beautiful ibis birds that inhabited the land. Unfortunately, almost all of these species are nearly extinct. Only 35 of the 145 species of birds still exists, and even so, 24 of these birds are endangered with a dozen that may be beyond recovery. When the Polynesians arrived in Hawaii, they found it very easy to hunt the flightless birds. They eventually hunted these birds to extinction, which is why they no longer inhabit Hawaii. Later on, in 1778 Captain James Cook founded Hawaii and from there on American explorers hunted the Hawaiian lands viciously for their bananas, breadfruit, sugarcane, and pineapples. Today, barely one quarter of the Hawaiian land has remained untouched, which is an alarming number. In relation to the HIPPO factors, it is clear that there has been invasive species, habitat destruction, pollution, and population that have severely hurt Hawaii’s species diversity.

Hawaii today still has a very abundant biodiversity. However, it is nowhere near as rich as it once was many years ago. Most of the plants and animals one can find in Hawaii, they can find practically anywhere else. There are skylarks, mockingbirds, strawberry finches, ricebirds, red-crested cardinals, mynahs, and many more. Plant life today is also still beautiful. Because of human introduction to the Hawaiian Islands, they are not today near as beautiful as they were thousands of years ago. Though we see them are beautiful, had they remained untouched their life and diversity would have been one of the most spectacular in the world.

CaitlinD, Assignment 05, Draft

    One thousand years ago, the Hawaiian Islands were nothing like that are today. The islands were populated with many different arrangements of indigenous animals and plants. Due to the immigration of humans and introduction of invasive species to Hawaii, the Islands changed dramatically.

    The changes to the islands' environment began with the arrival of humans. The first humans to settle in Hawaii were the natives of Polenesia. It is said that these people stumbled across these islands and thus resulted in living there permanently. With the humans that went to Hawaii, also came invasive species. In most cases, when people come to a new or foreign land, they bring diseases with them, but since Hawaii was vacant of human life, disease was not brought with these migrants. The deadly diseases were brought to the islands by the European settlers.

    Along with the humans, came other species. These attributed to the HIPPO factors of the islands'. Those that were brought along are known as invasive species. An example of an invasive specie of Hawaii are Fire ants. These ants rapidly destroyed the islands' vegetation, which in turn created a gap in the ecosystems' food webs, which ultimately wiped out the population of the native species and organisms. Another example used by Wilson are the pigs. The pigs rapidly over populated. Like the fire ants, the pigs also destroyed vegetation by uprooting and toppling tree ferns. This also creates a defect in the food web which will disturb all the living organisms in that ecosystem. The humans brought the pigs for food, and they did not know that they were subconsciously destroying the ecosystems and environments of the Hawaiian Islands. Sadly, today none of the original species of plants and animals are living in Hawaii, all of these organisms are invasive species.

    Like many of the organisms that were affected by human invasion, the Vancouver Island Marmot is in dire need of help. It is endangered because of the rapid demand of ski slopes. Like the Marmots, panda bears in China are also being harmed by the demands of humans. As the world becomes more and more over populated, the habitats, ecosystems, and environment of organisms are at high risk. With the "need" for more industrialization and urbanization, humans tend to look past the huge damaging effects that are happening in the environment. This reinforces Wilson's bottle neck theory. That with the new technologies humans are destroying the environment in a permanent way.

    Now that some people are beginning to recognize the damage that has taken place, they are advocating to save the animals. In order to save the organisms, we must in turn save their habitats. It is easier said than done. Trying to save just one animal, requires saving a whole food web chain, and the habitat. So it ends up being an entire ecosystem that needs to be saved. National parks must understand this concept of the area-species principle. In order to save the organisms efficiently, they must set aside an ample amount of land to let the ecosystem flourish.

    Humans in this day and age control the future of the environment. With the amount of damage that has already taken place, it is going to take a tedious effort and hard work to replenish the environment. Although the damage is huge, it can be reversible, it just will take a serious amount of effort. The fait of the ecosystem lies in the hands of the humans.

This gorgeous picture of Hawaii is from Majorchange Academy website.

marlok, assignment5, draft1

   Hawaiian Islands are a vacation destination for most, it is a peaceful and beautiful getaway for people around the world. But it is not the same as it was from a thousand years ago, the Polynesians changed the islands drastically when they immigrated to the islands not knowing that their effects on the island would change it forever in both a positive and a negative way.

    When the Polynesians first sailed to the Hawaiian Islands from most likely central and southern Africa, they intentionally brought many species of animals and insects to the islands, but some invasive species were brought accidentally: Fire Ants and Japanese White eyes. At first they were brought because the Polynesians thought they would better the islands, which at first they did, but as time progressed they had many negative effects on the islands ecosystems.

    These species destructed Hawaii's ecosystems. They destroyed the vegetation, and wiped out many of the other species that depended on the vegetation for survival. The worst destruction of Hawaii though was the settlement of humans. Although they brought civilization and culture to the islands their ways eventually shaped Hawaii into the nation it is today, they distributed Hawaii's peace and brought many diseases over from Africa.

    Hawaii was intentionally suppose to be a series of beautiful islands, but many HIPPO factors changed Hawaii into what it is today. Habitat Destruction from the humans, made Hawaii a nation but while doing so destroyed it peacefulness and they also brought many diseases to the islands. Invasive species such as the ants and insects wiped out many other species that were first on the island. Over harvesting of the vegetation also harmed Hawaii's original state. Although the Hawaiian Island are now beautiful, their previous beauty was no comparison to its current state, due to the HIPPO factors.

GillianM, Assignment 05, Draft 1

On the surface, Hawaii is scene as a tropical paradise whose beauty allows people to escape from their everyday lives.  However, thousands of years ago when the Polynesians first arrived on the small cluster of islands, Hawaii began to lose aspects of its natural beauty.  Hawaii has gone through manny hardships brought on by humans, including invasive species, diseases, and the destruction of habitats.  All of these factors have and will continue to contribute to the downfall of Hawaii.

Most historians are in agreement that the Polynesians were most likely the first inhabitants of Hawaii.  This is somewhat hard to believe because it would have been such a long and dangerous trip to get from the Polynesian islands to the Hawaiian islands, but because these people were well known for their navigation and sea skills, it is easy to make the assumption that they did in fact inhabit the islands first.  Along with bringing a civilization to the islands, the Polynesians also brought a religion, culture, and problems to the islands. 

Some of the issues that Hawaii has faced were brought on by the HIPPO factors.  The factors that have contributed most to Hawaii's destruction are invasive species, habitat destruction, and pollution.  Over the years as more humans spent time on the islands, they brought with them animals and plants that were not native to the islands.  These species including skylarks, barred and spotted doves, hill robins, mockingbirds, bush warblers, mynahs, strawberry finches, and ricebirds, were completely foreign to the islands before humans came.  They also pushed native animals off of the island.  In a way one could say that humans themselves were invasive species to the islands, because before they got there Hawaii was lush and filled with native animals and plants, but the Polynesians arrived and hunted many of the animals and destroyed many of the plants. Some plants that were introduced to the island by humans overtook areas and wiped out native Hawaiian plants.  This is an example of invasive species that cause habitat destruction.  Because the plants take over they prevent animals and insects from living around the plants that they once called home.  Another factor is pollution.  As the years have gone on, and Hawaii has become more industrialized, toxins have been released on the island, polluting its environment.

Before the Polynesians arrived there were no people at all on the Hawaiian islands, so one could argue that humans could not have brought diseases to the islands because there was no one to give the diseases to.  However, once more people began to inhabit the islands, disease became more prevalent.  The most well known disease associated with the islands is leprosy.  It is unclear whether leprosy was introduced to the islands by the Polynesians or the European settlers that later came to the island, but it is clear that at a certain point in time Hawaii became better known for its rate of lepers rather than its beauty.

In the chapter Natures Last Stand in The Future of Life Wilson refers to Hawaii as "deceptively beautiful".  This is because humans have knowingly and unknowingly destroyed the islands natural biodiversity.  People have in many ways completely stripped Hawaii of what made it so alluring.  There really is no way to bring Hawaii back to its original state because over the years it has adapted to the new species it is now home to,  and it would not be able to support the plants and animals that were originally found there.  However we can do our best to preserve the way it is today.  In order to do that we need to be sure to keep as many original aspects of the island as possible alive and well.  If we take better care of the island we surely can keep Hawaii as one of the tropical wonders of the world. 

nadaE Assignment05 Draft

            Hawaii was a different world today than it was a thousand years ago. There was a concentration of indigenous animals and plants; but as time passed, the island changed greatly. Much of this change was thanks to immigration and the introduction of invasive species.

            The start of this change was the arrival of humans. While the theory of how people began populating Hawaii is constantly being debated, the two most reasonable theories are that inhabitants of Polenesia sailed and happened upon the islands, or that the people of Central or South America were the ones to sail and find the islands. While both these theories are believable, the most logical is the voyage of those who originated from Central or South America. The coast of Southern America is parallel to ocean currents that flow directly toward the islands; making it easier to sail on solely muscular strength and wind assistance, without modern engines. More invasive species to Hawaii (besides humans, of course) would be Fire Ants and Japanese White-Eyes.

            While introducing a new species to a foreign area seems like a good idea in theory, it usually results negatively when practiced. The invasive species of Hawaii, particularly the Fire Ants and Japanese White-Eyes have majorly deterred the islands’ plant growth, bird  and bug population. Fire Ants, when brought to the islands, instantly made it their home. They started ravaging the vegetation, leaving other organisms vulnerable or out-of place. The Japanese White-Eyes, a type of Japanese bird, were the animals that started wiping out the bug population. Having the aggressive advantage over the indigenous foul, the Japanese White-Eyes made local bird populations drop drastically, not being able to compete with the Japanese White-Eyes for food.

            The overall worst invasive species to Hawaii were the humans. They brought over the organisms that influence Hawaii today, leaving it with a multitude of problems. When Europeans joined the Polanesian/South American inhabitants, they brought along education, the greed for land, and religion. Hawaii was starting to be settled, and the people originally there were brought into what was then-civilization. The influence the Europeans had on the original inhabitants have shaped Hawaii into the nation it is today.

 

Image of the Japanese White-Eye in Hawaii.

Image taken from Explore Biodiversity

NinaF, Assignment 5, Draft 1

 

The species diversity of the Hawaiian Islands has changed since the arrival of humans.  Invasive species are a part of the change. The Polynesians were responsible for changes in the population and different species living in Hawaii. While traveling to find new land they unintentionally and intentionally brought things with them. Some were negative others positive.

Hawaii before humans came was biologically diverse and unique with many species of birds. It had many other organisms that have become extinct since man came in to play. When the Polynesians came they found some of the birds as easy prey and as a result the birds went extinct (45). The Polynesians had brought along insects, spiders, mites, and other arthropods unintentionally in cargo (47).  Many of the Polynesians had leprosy and brought it while landing. Hawaii had one of the largest Leper colonies. 

Pigs were an example of one of the HIPPO factors that had affected Hawaii. They were brought over innocently for a source of food, but ended up reproducing and overpopulating the area with pigs. The pigs work back and forth across the floor, eating bark and roots of plants resulting in the uprooting and toppling tree ferns (49). They also dig wallows that collect pools of water that are the breeding grounds of mosquitoes that carry and transmit diseases to native birds (49). The African big-headed ant was another hindrance to Hawaiian life. The ants eat out a large amount of fellow insects in their path.  It had lead to the disappearance of smaller birds that eat insects due to its destruction of other insects. Water and soil from the islands were also contaminated and eliminated some species (50).

The result of humans coming into the picture and colonizing Hawaii has harmed the diversity of different species native to the islands. If the Polynesians had known of the things that they could have done to prevent species dying out and the ecosystem being harmed, there might have been a chance for the life from that time to continue to flourish.

DanielleQ, Assignment 05, First Draft

A thousand years ago Hawaii seemed like the ideal place to begin a new nation. To the Polynesians coming from Central America, Hawaii was the blank slate needed for them to begin anew. However what the Polynesians did not know was what they were bringing with them would change Hawaii forever.

The Polynesians brought new species of animals and insects, both intentionally and accidentally. While pigs were brought for the sake of food they began to reproduce in such away that there was an overpopulation that has lasted to this day. Species of African and Argentine ants have taken over the territories that had previously held flies and beetles. Other animals like goats and cattle graze away at what little vegetation is left to the islands, while cats and mongooses chose to set their sights on the native birds.

    In some cases overpopulation is not the problem.  It is actually the complete opposite when the snail species is taken into view. The rosy wolfsnails has unexpectedly consumed fifteen species of banded tree snails native to Hawaii. Combined along with rats, shell collectors, and the ever-declining forests it is safe to assume that the snail species of Hawaii will begin to lose its diversity.

    The changes to Hawaii’s species diversity are due to many factors. Habitat destruction, invasive species, over harvesting, and the human population are certainly some of the factors that has caused Hawaii to become unrecognizable from its previous state. When the Polynesians first made this humid island their home they had every intention of making the island suit their needs.  They did not have the intention of completely destroying the ecosystems that would lead to Hawaii’s species diversity plummeting. Rosy Wolfsnails

BetsyO Assignment 05 draft

 
Hawaii is said to be one of the most beautiful islands, with the abundance of tourism and population it is hard to believe that Hawaii has a problem with its inhabitants. It is said to have started when the Polynesian settlers arrived on the island in 400AD. Also it is because Hawaii was not re discovered until 1778 by Captain James Cook, after the rediscovery the island was soon populated with people, but the squatters of Hawaii brought unwanted guests with them;- invasive species of plants and animals also diseases in which much of the population were exposed; the most notorious disease in Hawaii was leprosy, for Hawaii houses the largest Leper colony in the world.

    In 400 AD the first Polynesian settlers arrived to the island of Hawaii. The settlers were the first arrival of human life on the island. Before their arrival Hawaii was said to have looked like the Garden of Eden, there were no invasive species, also there were no mosquitoes or poisonous bugs or bugs with stingers. Many plants were thriving and many birds walked or flew about the island. This all changes soon because of the Hawaiian settlers, the flightless ibis, and these birds roamed the earth and because they were flightless the settlers saw them as easy prey, the Polynesians hunted these animals and many others to extinction. The lands were lush and fertile crops we easily grown but soon much of the natural forest has been cleared and much of the soil lacks vital nutrients. In Hawaii barely one quarter of the islands land remains untouched

    When visiting Hawaii it is expected for one to look in awe of the islands natural beauty, what many people don’t know is much of the animals and plants are not native to the islands. It is stated in The Future of Life By E.O Wilson that because of the strong currents of the coast of many nations’ birds, and dangerous bugs were swept away and landed and reproduced in Hawaii. Many settlers also brought animals along with them and introduced them to the island not knowing they were introducing invasive species.

    The HIIPO factors seen in Hawaii are substantial the habitat destruction on the island has become a major problem. Once the island was covered in lush green forests today three fourths of the islands land has been cleared and because of this many animals are losing their habitats thus becoming extinct. The problem with invasive species has also become a larger problem in Hawaii, much of the islands livestock such as pigs were introduced to the island as invasive species. Pollution is affecting the fresh water, marine costal water and much of the soil in the island, soon no animals and no crops will be able to maintain because of the heavy polluted soil and water. With the increase of population land is running out soon all the HIPPO factors will become to prominent that the island will no longer be able to control human life. Overharvesting has not been as big as a problem in Hawaii, but when the Polynesians first arrived many of the flightless birds were hunted to extinction.

    The change in Hawaii is becoming more and more dangerous many people are unaware that Hawaii is being overpopulated and much of its original plant life are dying and will soon be extinct. Soon because of the HIPPO factors the island of Hawaii will soon not be able to control the growth of humans.